The occurrence and impact of bacterial organisms complicating critical care illness associated with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection.
Identifieur interne : 000319 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000318; suivant : 000320The occurrence and impact of bacterial organisms complicating critical care illness associated with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection.
Auteurs : John Muscedere [Éthiopie] ; Marianna Ofner ; Anand Kumar [Canada] ; Jennifer Long [Canada] ; Francois Lamontagne ; Deborah Cook [Canada] ; Allison Mcgeer [Canada] ; Clarence Chant ; John Marshall ; Philippe Jouvet [Canada] ; Robert Fowler [Canada]Source :
- Chest [ 1931-3543 ] ; 2013.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Canada, Durée du séjour, Femelle, Grippe humaine (), Humains, Incidence, Infections à Pseudomonas (diagnostic), Infections à Pseudomonas (épidémiologie), Infections à staphylocoques (diagnostic), Infections à staphylocoques (épidémiologie), Infections à streptocoques (diagnostic), Infections à streptocoques (épidémiologie), Maladie grave (épidémiologie), Mâle, Pronostic, Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A, Unités de soins intensifs, Ventilation artificielle, Études de cohortes, Études prospectives.
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Infections à Pseudomonas, Infections à staphylocoques, Infections à streptocoques.
- épidémiologie : Infections à Pseudomonas, Infections à staphylocoques, Infections à streptocoques, Maladie grave.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Canada, Durée du séjour, Femelle, Grippe humaine, Humains, Incidence, Mâle, Pronostic, Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A, Unités de soins intensifs, Ventilation artificielle, Études de cohortes, Études prospectives.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Canada.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult, Canada, Cohort Studies, Critical Illness (epidemiology), Female, Humans, Incidence, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza, Human (complications), Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Pseudomonas Infections (diagnosis), Pseudomonas Infections (epidemiology), Respiration, Artificial, Staphylococcal Infections (diagnosis), Staphylococcal Infections (epidemiology), Streptococcal Infections (diagnosis), Streptococcal Infections (epidemiology).
- MESH :
- geographic : Canada.
- complications : Influenza, Human.
- diagnosis : Pseudomonas Infections, Staphylococcal Infections, Streptococcal Infections.
- epidemiology : Critical Illness, Pseudomonas Infections, Staphylococcal Infections, Streptococcal Infections.
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Although secondary infections are recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in seasonal influenza, their frequency, characteristics, and associated clinical outcomes in 2009 influenza A(H1N1) (A[H1N1])-related critical illness are unknown.
METHODS
In a prospective cohort of adult patients admitted to Canadian ICUs with influenza A(H1N1) infection, the frequency and associated clinical outcomes of prevalent (culture taken within 72 h of ICU admission) and ICU-acquired (culture taken after 72 h from ICU admission) positive bacterial cultures were determined.
RESULTS
Among 681 patients, the mean age was 47.9 years (SD, 15.1), APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination) II score was 21.0 (9.9), and 573 patients (84.0%) were invasively mechanically ventilated. Positive cultures were obtained in 259 patients (38.0%): 77 (29.7%) had prevalent, 115 (44.4%) had ICU-acquired, and 40 (15.4%) had both; culture date was unavailable in 27 (10.4%). The most common bacterial organisms isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas species, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antibiotics were prescribed in 661 (97.1%), with 3.8 (1.9) prescriptions per patient. Patients with any positive culture had longer days of mechanical ventilation (mean [SD], 15.2 [10.7] vs 10.7 [9.0]; P<.0001), ICU stay (median [interquartile range (IQR)], 18.2 [12.5] days vs 10.8 [9.0] days, P<.0001), and hospitalization (median [IQR], 30.7 [20.7] days vs 19.2 [17.4] days, P<.0001) and a trend toward increased hospital mortality (25.1% vs 19.9%, P=.15). Patients with ICU-acquired positive cultures had worse outcomes compared with those with positive prevalent cultures or who were culture-negative.
CONCLUSION
Culture-based evidence of secondary infections commonly complicates A(H1N1)-related critical illness and is associated with worse clinical outcomes despite nearly ubiquitous antibiotic administration.
DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-1861
PubMed: 23392627
Affiliations:
- Canada, Éthiopie
- Manitoba, Ontario
- Hamilton (Ontario), Toronto, Winnipeg
- Université McMaster, Université de Toronto, Université du Manitoba
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
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Electronic address: muscedej@kgh.kari.net.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Éthiopie</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ofner, Marianna" sort="Ofner, Marianna" uniqKey="Ofner M" first="Marianna" last="Ofner">Marianna Ofner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON and Winnipeg, MB.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">MB</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Anand" sort="Kumar, Anand" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Anand" last="Kumar">Anand Kumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre and St. Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université du Manitoba</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Winnipeg</settlement><region type="state">Manitoba</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Long, Jennifer" sort="Long, Jennifer" uniqKey="Long J" first="Jennifer" last="Long">Jennifer Long</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lamontagne, Francois" sort="Lamontagne, Francois" uniqKey="Lamontagne F" first="Francois" last="Lamontagne">Francois Lamontagne</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Clinical Research Centre Étienne Le Bel and Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">QC</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Deborah" sort="Cook, Deborah" uniqKey="Cook D" first="Deborah" last="Cook">Deborah Cook</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université McMaster</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Hamilton (Ontario)</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Allison" sort="Mcgeer, Allison" uniqKey="Mcgeer A" first="Allison" last="Mcgeer">Allison Mcgeer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chant, Clarence" sort="Chant, Clarence" uniqKey="Chant C" first="Clarence" last="Chant">Clarence Chant</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">ON</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marshall, John" sort="Marshall, John" uniqKey="Marshall J" first="John" last="Marshall">John Marshall</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">ON</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jouvet, Philippe" sort="Jouvet, Philippe" uniqKey="Jouvet P" first="Philippe" last="Jouvet">Philippe Jouvet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fowler, Robert" sort="Fowler, Robert" uniqKey="Fowler R" first="Robert" last="Fowler">Robert Fowler</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><country>Canada</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Chest</title><idno type="eISSN">1931-3543</idno><imprint><date when="2013" type="published">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Canada</term><term>Cohort Studies</term><term>Critical Illness (epidemiology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Incidence</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza, Human (complications)</term><term>Intensive Care Units</term><term>Length of Stay</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Prognosis</term><term>Prospective Studies</term><term>Pseudomonas Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>Pseudomonas Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Respiration, Artificial</term><term>Staphylococcal Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>Staphylococcal Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Streptococcal Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>Streptococcal Infections (epidemiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Canada</term><term>Durée du séjour</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Grippe humaine ()</term><term>Humains</term><term>Incidence</term><term>Infections à Pseudomonas (diagnostic)</term><term>Infections à Pseudomonas (épidémiologie)</term><term>Infections à staphylocoques (diagnostic)</term><term>Infections à staphylocoques (épidémiologie)</term><term>Infections à streptocoques (diagnostic)</term><term>Infections à streptocoques (épidémiologie)</term><term>Maladie grave (épidémiologie)</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pronostic</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Unités de soins intensifs</term><term>Ventilation artificielle</term><term>Études de cohortes</term><term>Études prospectives</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Canada</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Pseudomonas Infections</term><term>Staphylococcal Infections</term><term>Streptococcal Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à Pseudomonas</term><term>Infections à staphylocoques</term><term>Infections à streptocoques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Critical Illness</term><term>Pseudomonas Infections</term><term>Staphylococcal Infections</term><term>Streptococcal Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à Pseudomonas</term><term>Infections à staphylocoques</term><term>Infections à streptocoques</term><term>Maladie grave</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Cohort Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Incidence</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Intensive Care Units</term><term>Length of Stay</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Prognosis</term><term>Prospective Studies</term><term>Respiration, Artificial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Canada</term><term>Durée du séjour</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Grippe humaine</term><term>Humains</term><term>Incidence</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pronostic</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Unités de soins intensifs</term><term>Ventilation artificielle</term><term>Études de cohortes</term><term>Études prospectives</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Canada</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>Although secondary infections are recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in seasonal influenza, their frequency, characteristics, and associated clinical outcomes in 2009 influenza A(H1N1) (A[H1N1])-related critical illness are unknown.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>In a prospective cohort of adult patients admitted to Canadian ICUs with influenza A(H1N1) infection, the frequency and associated clinical outcomes of prevalent (culture taken within 72 h of ICU admission) and ICU-acquired (culture taken after 72 h from ICU admission) positive bacterial cultures were determined.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Among 681 patients, the mean age was 47.9 years (SD, 15.1), APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination) II score was 21.0 (9.9), and 573 patients (84.0%) were invasively mechanically ventilated. Positive cultures were obtained in 259 patients (38.0%): 77 (29.7%) had prevalent, 115 (44.4%) had ICU-acquired, and 40 (15.4%) had both; culture date was unavailable in 27 (10.4%). The most common bacterial organisms isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas species, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antibiotics were prescribed in 661 (97.1%), with 3.8 (1.9) prescriptions per patient. Patients with any positive culture had longer days of mechanical ventilation (mean [SD], 15.2 [10.7] vs 10.7 [9.0]; P<.0001), ICU stay (median [interquartile range (IQR)], 18.2 [12.5] days vs 10.8 [9.0] days, P<.0001), and hospitalization (median [IQR], 30.7 [20.7] days vs 19.2 [17.4] days, P<.0001) and a trend toward increased hospital mortality (25.1% vs 19.9%, P=.15). Patients with ICU-acquired positive cultures had worse outcomes compared with those with positive prevalent cultures or who were culture-negative.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSION</b></p><p>Culture-based evidence of secondary infections commonly complicates A(H1N1)-related critical illness and is associated with worse clinical outcomes despite nearly ubiquitous antibiotic administration.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">23392627</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2013</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>30</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>27</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1931-3543</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>144</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2013</Year><Month>Jul</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Chest</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Chest</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The occurrence and impact of bacterial organisms complicating critical care illness associated with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>39-47</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0012-3692(13)60448-1</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1378/chest.12-1861</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Although secondary infections are recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in seasonal influenza, their frequency, characteristics, and associated clinical outcomes in 2009 influenza A(H1N1) (A[H1N1])-related critical illness are unknown.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">In a prospective cohort of adult patients admitted to Canadian ICUs with influenza A(H1N1) infection, the frequency and associated clinical outcomes of prevalent (culture taken within 72 h of ICU admission) and ICU-acquired (culture taken after 72 h from ICU admission) positive bacterial cultures were determined.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Among 681 patients, the mean age was 47.9 years (SD, 15.1), APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination) II score was 21.0 (9.9), and 573 patients (84.0%) were invasively mechanically ventilated. Positive cultures were obtained in 259 patients (38.0%): 77 (29.7%) had prevalent, 115 (44.4%) had ICU-acquired, and 40 (15.4%) had both; culture date was unavailable in 27 (10.4%). The most common bacterial organisms isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas species, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antibiotics were prescribed in 661 (97.1%), with 3.8 (1.9) prescriptions per patient. Patients with any positive culture had longer days of mechanical ventilation (mean [SD], 15.2 [10.7] vs 10.7 [9.0]; P<.0001), ICU stay (median [interquartile range (IQR)], 18.2 [12.5] days vs 10.8 [9.0] days, P<.0001), and hospitalization (median [IQR], 30.7 [20.7] days vs 19.2 [17.4] days, P<.0001) and a trend toward increased hospital mortality (25.1% vs 19.9%, P=.15). Patients with ICU-acquired positive cultures had worse outcomes compared with those with positive prevalent cultures or who were culture-negative.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Culture-based evidence of secondary infections commonly complicates A(H1N1)-related critical illness and is associated with worse clinical outcomes despite nearly ubiquitous antibiotic administration.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Muscedere</LastName><ForeName>John</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON. Electronic address: muscedej@kgh.kari.net.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ofner</LastName><ForeName>Marianna</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON and Winnipeg, MB.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Anand</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre and St. Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Long</LastName><ForeName>Jennifer</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lamontagne</LastName><ForeName>Francois</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Clinical Research Centre Étienne Le Bel and Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cook</LastName><ForeName>Deborah</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McGeer</LastName><ForeName>Allison</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chant</LastName><ForeName>Clarence</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marshall</LastName><ForeName>John</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jouvet</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fowler</LastName><ForeName>Robert</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>ICU-FLU Group and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016448">Multicenter Study</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Chest</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0231335</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0012-3692</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002170" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Canada</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015331" MajorTopicYN="N">Cohort Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016638" MajorTopicYN="N">Critical Illness</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015994" MajorTopicYN="N">Incidence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053118" MajorTopicYN="Y">Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007251" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza, Human</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="Y">complications</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007362" MajorTopicYN="N">Intensive Care Units</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007902" MajorTopicYN="N">Length of Stay</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011379" MajorTopicYN="N">Prognosis</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011446" MajorTopicYN="N">Prospective Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011552" MajorTopicYN="N">Pseudomonas Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012121" MajorTopicYN="N">Respiration, Artificial</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013203" MajorTopicYN="N">Staphylococcal Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013290" MajorTopicYN="N">Streptococcal Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2013</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2013</Year><Month>2</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2013</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23392627</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0012-3692(13)60448-1</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1378/chest.12-1861</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country><region><li>Manitoba</li><li>Ontario</li></region><settlement><li>Hamilton (Ontario)</li><li>Toronto</li><li>Winnipeg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université McMaster</li><li>Université de Toronto</li><li>Université du Manitoba</li></orgName></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Chant, Clarence" sort="Chant, Clarence" uniqKey="Chant C" first="Clarence" last="Chant">Clarence Chant</name><name sortKey="Lamontagne, Francois" sort="Lamontagne, Francois" uniqKey="Lamontagne F" first="Francois" last="Lamontagne">Francois Lamontagne</name><name sortKey="Marshall, John" sort="Marshall, John" uniqKey="Marshall J" first="John" last="Marshall">John Marshall</name><name sortKey="Ofner, Marianna" sort="Ofner, Marianna" uniqKey="Ofner M" first="Marianna" last="Ofner">Marianna Ofner</name></noCountry><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Muscedere, John" sort="Muscedere, John" uniqKey="Muscedere J" first="John" last="Muscedere">John Muscedere</name></noRegion></country><country name="Canada"><region name="Manitoba"><name sortKey="Kumar, Anand" sort="Kumar, Anand" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Anand" last="Kumar">Anand Kumar</name></region><name sortKey="Cook, Deborah" sort="Cook, Deborah" uniqKey="Cook D" first="Deborah" last="Cook">Deborah Cook</name><name sortKey="Fowler, Robert" sort="Fowler, Robert" uniqKey="Fowler R" first="Robert" last="Fowler">Robert Fowler</name><name sortKey="Jouvet, Philippe" sort="Jouvet, Philippe" uniqKey="Jouvet P" first="Philippe" last="Jouvet">Philippe Jouvet</name><name sortKey="Long, Jennifer" sort="Long, Jennifer" uniqKey="Long J" first="Jennifer" last="Long">Jennifer Long</name><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Allison" sort="Mcgeer, Allison" uniqKey="Mcgeer A" first="Allison" last="Mcgeer">Allison Mcgeer</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix 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